According to Thomas, although it is universal, Providence cares about persons in a particular way, since they are partly incorruptible and directly contribute to the common good of the universe, which is the end of the divine government. The traditional doctrine of the guardian angel effectively highlights this eminent dignity of any person.
In the 13th century, the question of divine science focused on the problem of its extension, that is, on the justification of divine omniscience. Because of the principle that God knows creatures by knowing himself as their cause, all agree to recognize a link between the extension of divine science and that of divine causality. However, since the inherent effect of divine causality is being, only the Thomas conception of being as an intensive act, “act of acts”, allows the universality of divine causality and, consequently, omniscience to be founded on account of it.
